英语语法
过去的习惯
母语者怎么讲过去曾经如此、或者反复发生的事。最常用的是“used to”,但表示过去反复发生的“would”,以及表示“习惯了”的“be/get used to”同样重要,而且经常被混为一谈。
过去的习惯:课本版
全世界的英语课都教这几种标准形式。这里不用编出来的例句,全部拿母语者的真实片段来讲。
Used To:过去的习惯与状态
used to + base verb
用来讲过去的习惯、反复做过的事,或者现在已经不成立的状态。“I used to live in Paris.”“We used to watch cartoons every Saturday.”“She used to be a teacher.”后面一律接动词原形,不接动名词。
Be Used To:习以为常
am/is/are/was/were used to + -ing verb / noun
表示因为经历得多了,某件事对你来说已经很正常、很熟悉。说的不是过去,而是“习惯了”这个状态本身。“I'm used to the noise.”“She's used to working late.”“They were used to long trips.”后面接动名词或名词,绝不接动词原形。
Get Used To:慢慢适应
get/got/getting used to + -ing verb / noun
说的是逐渐习惯、适应新事物的过程。“I'm getting used to the cold.”“You'll get used to it.”“It took me a year to get used to the food.”后面接动名词或名词。
Would:过去反复发生的动作
would + base verb (for past habits)
比“used to”更有文学味、更带怀旧感的说法,用来讲过去反复发生的动作,而且只能讲动作,不能讲状态。“Every summer we would drive to the coast.”“My grandfather would tell the same stories every Christmas.”过去的状态不能这么说(“I would be tall”是错的,要说“I used to be tall”)。